nix/nixos/common/software/cli/scripts/btrfs-backup.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Check for required argument
if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
    echo "Usage: $(basename "$0") SNAPPER_CONFIG"
    echo "Example: $(basename "$0") root"
    exit 1
fi

# Configuration
SNAPPER_CONFIG="$1"
BACKUP_DESCRIPTION="btrfs-backup"

# Get the actual snapshot location from snapper config
SOURCE_PATH=$(sudo snapper -c "$SNAPPER_CONFIG" get-config | grep '^SUBVOLUME' | cut -d'=' -f2 | tr -d '"'| awk {'print $3'})
echo "SOURCE_PATH:  $SOURCE_PATH"
if [ -z "$SOURCE_PATH" ]; then
    echo "ERROR: Could not determine snapshot path for config '$SNAPPER_CONFIG'"
    exit 1
fi

# Convert subvolume path to snapshot path
SNAPSHOT_PATH="$SOURCE_PATH/.snapshots"
if [ ! -d "$SNAPSHOT_PATH" ]; then
    echo "ERROR: Snapshot directory '$SNAPSHOT_PATH' does not exist"
    exit 1
fi

# Create new snapshot with backup description
NEW_SNAPSHOT=$(sudo snapper -c "$SNAPPER_CONFIG" create --description "$BACKUP_DESCRIPTION" --print-number)
if [ -z "$NEW_SNAPSHOT" ]; then
    echo "ERROR: Failed to create new snapshot"
    exit 1
fi

HOSTNME=$(hostname)
REMOTE_HOST="root@synology"
BASE_DEST_PATH="/volume1/BTRFS_Receives/`hostname`/${SNAPPER_CONFIG}"
DEST_PATH="/volume1/BTRFS_Receives/`hostname`/${SNAPPER_CONFIG}/${NEW_SNAPSHOT}"
STATE_FILE="/var/lib/snapper-backup-${SNAPPER_CONFIG}.state"
LOG_FILE="/var/log/snapper-backup-${SNAPPER_CONFIG}.log"
KEEP_SNAPSHOTS=14

# Get latest successful transfer number from snapshots with backup description
LAST_TRANSFERRED=$(cat "$STATE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || echo "")

# Ensure we exit on any error
set -e

# Verify snapper config exists
if ! sudo snapper -c "$SNAPPER_CONFIG" list &>/dev/null; then
    echo "ERROR: Snapper config '$SNAPPER_CONFIG' does not exist"
    exit 1
fi

# Logging function
log() {
    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" | sudo tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

# Function to verify snapshot exists
verify_snapshot() {
    local snapshot_num="$1"
    if [ ! -d "$SNAPSHOT_PATH/$snapshot_num/snapshot" ]; then
        log "ERROR: Snapshot $snapshot_num does not exist"
        return 1
    fi
    return 0
}

# Function to verify remote connectivity
verify_remote() {
    if ! ssh -q "$REMOTE_HOST" "exit"; then
        log "ERROR: Cannot connect to remote host"
        exit 1
    fi
}

# Function to get remote snapshots
get_remote_snapshots() {
    ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "find '$BASE_DEST_PATH' -maxdepth 1 -type d -name '[0-9]*' | sort -n"
}

# Function to get local backup snapshots
get_local_snapshots() {
    sudo snapper -c "$SNAPPER_CONFIG" list | grep "$BACKUP_DESCRIPTION" | awk '{print $1}' | sort -n
}

# Function to cleanup old snapshots both locally and remotely
cleanup_snapshots() {
    local local_snapshots=($(get_local_snapshots))
    local remote_snapshots=($(get_remote_snapshots))
    local count=${#local_snapshots[@]}

    if [ $count -gt $KEEP_SNAPSHOTS ]; then
        local to_delete=$((count - KEEP_SNAPSHOTS))
        log "Cleaning up $to_delete old snapshots both locally and remotely"

        for ((i=0; i<$to_delete; i++)); do
            local snapshot="${local_snapshots[$i]}"

            # Delete remote snapshot first
            if ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "[ -d '$BASE_DEST_PATH/$snapshot' ]"; then
                log "Deleting remote snapshot: $snapshot"
                ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "btrfs subvolume delete '$BASE_DEST_PATH/$snapshot/snapshot'" || \
                    log "WARNING: Failed to delete remote snapshot $snapshot"
                ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "rm -rf '$BASE_DEST_PATH/$snapshot'" || \
                    log "WARNING: Failed to cleanup remote snapshot directory $snapshot"
            fi

            # Then delete local snapshot
            log "Deleting local snapshot: $snapshot"
            sudo snapper -c "$SNAPPER_CONFIG" delete "$snapshot" || \
                log "WARNING: Failed to delete local snapshot $snapshot"
        done
    fi
}

# Start backup process
log "Starting backup for snapper config: $SNAPPER_CONFIG"
log "Using snapshot path: $SNAPSHOT_PATH"
log "Created new snapshot: $NEW_SNAPSHOT"

# Verify remote connectivity first
verify_remote

# Verify snapshots exist
verify_snapshot "$NEW_SNAPSHOT" || exit 1
if [ -n "$LAST_TRANSFERRED" ]; then
    verify_snapshot "$LAST_TRANSFERRED" || exit 1
fi

# Create destination directory if it doesn't exist
ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "mkdir -p '$DEST_PATH'"

# Perform the transfer
if [ -z "$LAST_TRANSFERRED" ]; then
    # First time backup - full send
    log "Performing full send of snapshot $NEW_SNAPSHOT"
    sudo btrfs send "$SNAPSHOT_PATH/$NEW_SNAPSHOT/snapshot" | \
        pv --bytes | \
        ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "btrfs receive '$DEST_PATH'" && {
            echo "$NEW_SNAPSHOT" | sudo tee "$STATE_FILE"
            log "Full send completed successfully"
        } || {
            log "ERROR: Full send failed"
            sudo snapper -c "$SNAPPER_CONFIG" delete "$NEW_SNAPSHOT"
            exit 1
        }
else
    # Incremental send
    log "Performing incremental send from $LAST_TRANSFERRED to $NEW_SNAPSHOT"
    sudo btrfs send -p "$SNAPSHOT_PATH/$LAST_TRANSFERRED/snapshot" \
        "$SNAPSHOT_PATH/$NEW_SNAPSHOT/snapshot" | \
        pv --bytes | \
        ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "btrfs receive '$DEST_PATH'" && {
            echo "$NEW_SNAPSHOT" | sudo tee "$STATE_FILE"
            log "Incremental send completed successfully"
        } || {
            log "ERROR: Incremental send failed"
            sudo snapper -c "$SNAPPER_CONFIG" delete "$NEW_SNAPSHOT"
            exit 1
        }
fi

# Cleanup old snapshots if transfer was successful
cleanup_snapshots

# Verify remote snapshots
log "Current remote snapshots:"
get_remote_snapshots | sudo tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

log "Current local snapshots:"
get_local_snapshots | sudo tee -a "$LOG_FILE"

# Final verification
if ! ssh "$REMOTE_HOST" "btrfs subvolume show '$DEST_PATH/snapshot'" &>/dev/null; then
    log "WARNING: Final verification failed"
    exit 1
fi

log "Backup completed successfully"